Water and Energy Sustainability for Australia -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theWater and Energy Sustainability for Australia and India. Answer: Introduction Modern society is highly depends on the electricity as its primary energy source. However the shortage of energy is getting increased everyday and the climate change is affecting it greatly (Hagens 2015). As responsible human beings it is high time to embrace sustainable and renewable energy. Most Governments are lacking effective energy options which can ensure a better future for modern civilization. The Governments would take many initiatives from developing items that are energy sensitive or promoting solar panels. In the following sections the report will discuss the energy and water sustainability in Australia and India. The actions of various governmental organizations, research or innovations, government regulations will be explored in order to compare and contrast the energy and water sustainability between both chosen countries. Scenario of Water Sustainability in Australia Australia is struggling greatly to achieve water sustainability. The mainland of country is highly populated and one of the driest in the world (Bird, OGrady and Ulm 2016). Australian water sources have to be maintained and controlled with high importance. The fresh water is excessively used by the large population so even though it is renewable source the water scarcity might occur in near future if the sustainability is not considered. The environmental factors are working negatively for Australia; the dry land is highly dry already and above that the global warming is deteriorating the situation (Kiem and Austin 2013). Scenario of Energy Sustainability in Australia The solar energy source is getting popularity in the Australian households as a source of sustainable energy sources. The agency is developing a program where in 50 units in Gum Valley of Perth will install solar energy (Diss 2015). In the sugarcane industry of Australia the sugar cane waste is used to produce adequate biogas resources like the Sunshine Sugar Factories have demonstrated (Berrill 2016). The Australian government is including innovation and science in their National agenda that could ensure a great shift from the over-dependency on natural gas based electricity to renewable energy based electricity. The wind power has become a great producer of energy for Australia with 63000 megawatt energy production in 2015 (Teske et al. 2016). Contribution of Governmental and non Governmental organizations The laws like Water Resource Act 2007, Product Stewardship Act 2011 are certain laws that work to maintain the sustainability of water and energy resources of Australia. The Australian governments Department of the Environment and energy regularly publish monitors, reports and updates the natural resource protection acts. Many non-governmental organizations have been taking many initiatives to ensure the sustainability of the energy sector of Australia but money is causing great resistance in the development programs like Arena lost 1.3 billion fund in 2016 (Kane 2016). Examples in Energy and Water Sustainability in Australia In 2002 the Australian property industry realized the need for energy sustainability in the country and established the GBCA or Green Building Council of Australia. The council is dedicated to encourage the building industry to adopt green building processes and develop a sustainable industry. Since its inception more than 800 governmental and nongovernmental organizations related to building industry have become its members. In the next year the board started a tool of Green Star Environmental Rating that gives green certificates to the suitable developments projects in Australia (King 2017). The project has also spread its wings to Asia and India act as one of their active partners. In the regulatory framework the countries are undertaking various training, project demonstration and employee exchange. Melbournes The Gauge has proved to be an effective example of sustainable practice in Australia. 92% of water is recycled by the black water treatment plant of the Gauge (Mitchell et al. 2013). The co generation system based on gas provides the basic electricity of the building. During the winter months the preheating of the water and the air supply is controlled by waste heat. Scenario of Water sustainability in India India is a large country with 17% population of the world but only covers 2.6% of worlds water resource area and only 4% of the renewable resources of water (Cosgrove and Rijsberman 2014). A large section of the countrys economy is controlled by agriculture and for that huge consumption of water daily takes place. Apart from that the large amount of consumption of water happens for domestic and industrial purposes. Also because of the geographical diversity the water resources imbalance is present all over the country. The Ministry of Water Resources has established many rules and regulations to maintain the sustainability of the water resource of the country (Saleth 2016). The ministry has adopted National Water Policy in 1987 and announces that water is the most significant natural resource and national asset. Scenario of Energy sustainability in India India is struggling to meet the energy demand of the nation as maximum of the petroleum resources are imported from foreign countries. However India holds just 0.7% of proven oils preservation of the world (Ahmad 2014). The country is in the 6th position in the energy consumer list and in the 11th position in the energy producing. With the petroleum, natural gas and oil the country holds the 6th position in the greatest electricity producing countries in the world but the electricity consumption has increased in alarming amount. The National Energy Policy is working to ensure the advancement of sustainability and efficiency of energy production and consumption. The Indian Parliament has passed the Energy Conservation act in 2001 that develops the codes and norms related to energy consumption in India and the Bureau of Indian Energy Efficiency implements such plans effectively (Fankhauser, Gennaioli and Collins 2015). Contribution of Governmental and non Governmental organizations Indian government has passed various laws that ensure the protection of water and energy sustainability like The Prevention and Control of Pollution of Water Act of 1974 and Environment Protection Act of 1986. The Indian government had set a department dedicated to non conventional sources of energy and in 1992 they transformed it to MNRE or the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (Khana and Barroso 2014). This department is responsible for planning, promoting and making policies related to all renewable energy sources. India has also highest amount bio mass energy available in the rural areas and it is getting more popular. These subsidiary organizations like NHEC, NPCIL, REC and THDC take care of the renewable and sustainable energy sources in India. Examples in Energy and Water Sustainability In India India has undertaken a National Solar Mission that will ensure the renewable and sustainable energy source for the country in the future and resolve the energy scarcity issues. In the solar mission program is planned to produce 20000 megawatt solar electricity by 2020 (Quitzow 2015). The initial phase is successfully being developed which ensures production 1000 megawatt with the amount of more than 4000 crores spent by the Indian government. The country is also undertaking various targets of sustainable habitats through initiatives like sustainable transports, waste management, buildings and habitats. The Indian government is also developing a water mission that will integrate the water resource management and aims to increase the efficiency of water use by 20%. In order to fulfill the mission the government is spending a lot of money. Australia Vs India 40 % of worlds energy and 12 % of the worlds water is consumed by the building sector and creating a lot of waste as well. However effective use of the global building sector is potential to contribute in solving the energy problems. The eco construction offers one practical solution of the problem and is potential for economic progress for both the countries. It is true that Australias contribution to the world energy consumption is higher than a developing country like India. As a developed country Australias initiatives towards a sustainable energy cannot be equal with India. Australia and India both are active member of the Kyoto Protocol (Halkos and Tzeremes 2014). Indias contribution to the global emission is 5% where Australia contributes 1.3% to the global emission. However when the per capita emission is compared the India holds around 2 tonnes and Australia around 18 tonnes. The United Nations has proposed to change the MDGs or the Millennium Development Goals with SDGs wit h Sustainable Development Goals (Griggs et al. 2013). Australia agreed with it but India did not as they believe the target should not be applied for the developing countries and those are more suitable for the developed countries. Conclusion Various alternative energy resources like water, biomass, natural gas and waste have opened up new possibilities to sustain both the nations electricity problems. Being a dry and sunny country Australia could focus more on the solar and wind energy where India could focus more on biogas and solar energy resources. These will help the nations with less water consumption, more availability of energy and greater efficiency. In both the nations the governments have realize the importance of energy sustainability for the future, therefore they have implemented various policies and legislations to protect it. The citizens have been demonstrating conscious participation in renewable energy sources that is significantly helpful for achieving the desired energy sustainability. Reference Ahmad, B.M., 2014. America and Iran-Pakistan-India (IPI) Gas Pipeline.African Journal of Political Science and International Relations,8(8), pp.260-265. Berrill, T., 2016. 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